In order to find out the relationship between temperature and the number of hospitalized patients with respiratory diseases, relevant departments reasonably implement disease prevention and early warning in county-level cities in Liaoning Province. Based on the daily meteorological observation data and respiratory system hospitalization data of Beipiao City and Xifeng County in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2018, the seasonal distribution characteristics and age distribution characteristics of the number of hospitalizations with respiratory system were analyzed. On this basis, the generalized additive model (GAM) and the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) were used to explore the effect of temperature on the number of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases, and the results were stratified by sex and age. Modeling using attributable fractions (AF) to quantify the disease risk of exposure to specific temperature ranges (eg, extreme cold temperature, moderate cold temperature, moderate hot temperature, extreme hot temperature). The results show that the annual peak of the number of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in the two places occurs in winter and spring, and the majority of the sick people are children and the elderly. The optimal temperatures for people in Beipiao City and Xifeng County are 26.2 ℃ and 22.2 ℃, respectively. The impact of temperature on the incidence of respiratory diseases is dominated by the lag effect of cold temperature, and the immediate effect of hot temperature is not significant. In Beipiao City and Xifeng County, 27.0% (95% confidence interval: 20.3%-32.9%) and 29.0% (95% confidence interval: 22.1%-35.0%) of respiratory system hospitalizations were attributed to temperature, respectively, and the disease risk was mainly moderate cold temperature. The incidence of Beipiao City and Xifeng County was attributed to moderate cold temperature accounted for 25.9% (95% confidence interval: 19.5%-31.5%) and 28.1% (95% confidence interval: 21.5%-33.9%), respectively. In terms of age distribution, compared with the adult group, the percentage of diseases attributable to moderate cold is higher in the children group and the elderly group. In addition, the elderly group is also more sensitive to extreme low temperatures. In terms of gender stratification, women are more susceptible to low temperature than men. The temperature of the two county-level cities in Liaoning Province has different effects on different groups of people, the risk of disease caused by temperature on women and elderly residents is high.